Best Practices for Bridge-to-Bridge Communication Using VHF Radios in U.S. Waters
Introduction
Bridge-to-Bridge communication via VHF radios is not only a best practice—it’s a legal and lifesaving standard in U.S. maritime operations. Specifically, VHF Channel 13 plays a critical role in ensuring vessels operating in close quarters, harbors, and under bridges avoid collisions and coordinate safely.
This guide outlines professional communication practices using VHF radios, focusing on the U.S. regulatory framework and real-world usage scenarios.
Key Protocols: The “Big Three” Channels
- Channel 16: Distress, safety, and calling (monitored by all vessels)
- Channel 13: Bridge-to-Bridge communication (especially in close-quarter navigation)
- Channel 22A: Coast Guard broadcasts and marine safety information
The 5 C’s of Effective Marine Communication
- Clear: Speak clearly and avoid mumbling
- Concise: Keep transmissions short and to the point
- Correct: Use proper terminology and channel designations
- Complete: Provide all necessary information (location, direction, intentions)
- Courteous: Remain professional and avoid unnecessary chatter
Dual-Watch and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
Mariners navigating busy harbors and VTS-regulated waters must often perform dual-watch monitoring:
- Channel 13 + VTS-designated channel (e.g., Channel 12 or 14)
- Some regions allow monitoring of Channel 13 instead of Channel 16
- Vessels may require two VHF radios to comply
📊 Dual-Watch Monitoring Requirements by Region
| Region | Required Channels | Vessel Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| New York Harbor VTS | Ch. 13 & Ch. 14 | Commercial & Large Vessels | Dual-watch required at all times |
| Prince William Sound, AK | Ch. 13 & Local VTS Ch. | Commercial Vessels | Follow USCG-specific VHF manual |
| Charleston, SC | Ch. 13 & Ch. 16 (fallback) | All Vessels ≥20m | Ch. 13 prioritized under drawbridge navigation |
| Generic U.S. Coastal | Ch. 13 & Ch. 16 | ≥20m vessels | Outside VTS zones; use dual-watch or 2 radios |
Sample Phraseology and Scenarios
Example: Requesting Bridge Opening
“[Bridge Name], this is M/V Columbia requesting bridge opening for westbound passage.”Example: Traffic Coordination
“Vessel at Red Buoy 16, this is Tug Orion. I intend to overtake you on your port side. Please acknowledge.”
- Location updates
- Passing intentions
- Delay announcements
🗣️ VHF Phraseology Quick Reference
| Situation | Example Phrase |
|---|---|
| Requesting bridge opening | “[Bridge Name], this is M/V Columbia requesting opening westbound.” |
| Announcing overtaking maneuver | “Vessel at Red Buoy 16, this is Tug Orion. I intend to overtake on port side.” |
| Position reporting | “This is S/V Liberty, passing under [Bridge] heading northbound.” |
| Coordinating crossing | “I intend to cross ahead of your bow. Please acknowledge.” |
Regional Nuances in VHF Use
New York Harbor
- All commercial traffic must monitor Channel 13
- VTS coordination via Channel 12 or 14
Prince William Sound (Alaska)
- Vessels monitor Channel 13 + local VTS channel
- Follow USCG VHF regional guides
Technical and Compliance Considerations
- Equip vessels with dual-watch VHF radios
- Perform a radio check before departure
- Ensure English proficiency for operators
- Keep VHF radios on at all times
- Use external speakers in wheelhouse
Conclusion
Bridge-to-Bridge communication is a cornerstone of safe navigation in U.S. waters. Use VHF Channel 13 responsibly, follow best practices, and know local protocols to minimize incidents and maximize maritime safety.
Sources: USCG Navigation Center, FCC, BoatUS, Americansailing.com, PropTalk
